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VSPH1_VIPAA
ID   VSPH1_VIPAA             Reviewed;         260 AA.
AC   A0A1I9KNP0;
DT   05-DEC-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   15-FEB-2017, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 12.
DE   RecName: Full=Vaa serine proteinase homolog 1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:27327134, ECO:0000303|PubMed:30235482};
DE            Short=VaaSPH-1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:27327134, ECO:0000303|PubMed:30235482};
DE   AltName: Full=Enzymatically inactive serine proteinase-like protein SPH-1 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AMB36342.1};
DE   AltName: Full=Snake venom serine protease homolog;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
OS   Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Western sand viper).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC   Lepidosauria; Squamata; Bifurcata; Unidentata; Episquamata; Toxicofera;
OC   Serpentes; Colubroidea; Viperidae; Viperinae; Vipera.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=8705;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Venom gland;
RX   PubMed=27327134; DOI=10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.020;
RA   Latinovic Z., Leonardi A., Sribar J., Sajevic T., Zuzek M.C., Frangez R.,
RA   Halassy B., Trampus-Bakija A., Pungercar J., Krizaj I.;
RT   "Venomics of Vipera berus berus to explain differences in pathology
RT   elicited by Vipera ammodytes ammodytes envenomation: therapeutic
RT   implications.";
RL   J. Proteomics 146:34-47(2016).
RN   [2]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-29, FUNCTION, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY,
RP   SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, 3D-STRUCTURE MODELING IN COMPLEX WITH FVIIIA, AND
RP   GLYCOSYLATION.
RC   TISSUE=Venom;
RX   PubMed=30235482; DOI=10.1055/s-0038-1669785;
RA   Latinovic Z., Leonardi A., Kovacic L., Koh C.Y., Sribar J., Bakija A.T.,
RA   Venkateswarlu D., Kini R.M., Krizaj I.;
RT   "The first intrinsic tenase complex inhibitor with serine protease
RT   structure offers a new perspective in anticoagulant therapy.";
RL   Thromb. Haemost. 118:1713-1728(2018).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: This is the first member of the serine protease family that
CC       has strong anticoagulant activity and lacks enzymatic activity. It
CC       inhibits activities of three blood coagulation complexes: (1)
CC       prothrombinase complex (composed of blood coagulation factors Va and Xa
CC       (F5 and F10)) (IC(50)=164.1 nM), (2) intrinsic tenase complex (composed
CC       of factors VIIIa and IXa (F8 and F9)), and (3) extrinsic tenase complex
CC       (composed of tissue factor and factor VIIa (F7)). The toxin has also
CC       been observed to bind prothrombin, factor FVa, non-activated and
CC       activated forms of factors FVII (F7) (FVII and FVIIa), factor FVIIIa
CC       (F8), factors FIX and FIXa (F9) and factors FX and FXa (F10). The toxin
CC       inhibits the activity of the intrinsic tenase complex mainly by
CC       competing with FIXa (F9) for binding to FVIIIa (F8).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30235482}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30235482}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC       {ECO:0000305|PubMed:27327134}.
CC   -!- PTM: N-glycosylated. The toxin exists in multiple glycoforms.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30235482}.
CC   -!- PHARMACEUTICAL: This first serine protease family member whose strong
CC       anticoagulant activity is not proteolytic activity-dependent represents
CC       an original molecular platform to develop innovative anticoagulant
CC       substances by targeting FVIIIa. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:30235482}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: It does not hydrolysis fibrinogen, prothrombin, FIX, FX
CC       and protein C (PubMed:30235482). It does not induce platelet
CC       aggregation or agglutination (PubMed:30235482). It does not bind to
CC       platelet phospholipids (PubMed:30235482). It does not bind to factor
CC       FXI and FXIa, FXII and FXIIa, kallikrein and thrombin
CC       (PubMed:30235482). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30235482}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Snake venom subfamily.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- CAUTION: Lacks the canonical catalytic triad. Two of the three residues
CC       necessary for catalytic activity are mutated. Arg-67 stands instead of
CC       an His and at position Asn-206 stands instead of a Ser. As a result,
CC       the protein is not proteolytically active.
CC       {ECO:0000305|PubMed:30235482}.
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DR   EMBL; KT148824; AMB36342.1; -; mRNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; A0A1I9KNP0; -.
DR   SMR; A0A1I9KNP0; -.
DR   BRENDA; 3.4.21.74; 10997.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0004252; F:serine-type endopeptidase activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006508; P:proteolysis; IEA:InterPro.
DR   CDD; cd00190; Tryp_SPc; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 2.40.10.10; -; 2.
DR   InterPro; IPR009003; Peptidase_S1_PA.
DR   InterPro; IPR043504; Peptidase_S1_PA_chymotrypsin.
DR   InterPro; IPR001314; Peptidase_S1A.
DR   InterPro; IPR001254; Trypsin_dom.
DR   Pfam; PF00089; Trypsin; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00722; CHYMOTRYPSIN.
DR   SMART; SM00020; Tryp_SPc; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF50494; SSF50494; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50240; TRYPSIN_DOM; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Blood coagulation cascade inhibiting toxin; Direct protein sequencing;
KW   Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; Hemostasis impairing toxin; Pharmaceutical;
KW   Secreted; Serine protease homolog; Signal; Toxin.
FT   SIGNAL          1..18
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   PROPEP          19..24
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000445811"
FT   CHAIN           25..260
FT                   /note="Vaa serine proteinase homolog 1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30235482"
FT                   /id="PRO_5012045934"
FT   DOMAIN          25..251
FT                   /note="Peptidase S1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274"
FT   REGION          172..186
FT                   /note="Key residues for binding to FVIIIa"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:30235482"
FT   CARBOHYD        123
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CARBOHYD        253
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        31..165
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274"
FT   DISULFID        52..68
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274"
FT   DISULFID        100..258
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274"
FT   DISULFID        144..212
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274"
FT   DISULFID        176..191
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274"
FT   DISULFID        202..227
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274"
SQ   SEQUENCE   260 AA;  28928 MW;  D87ECAC91F3B2496 CRC64;
     MVLIRVLANL LVLQLSYAQK SSELVIGGDE CNINEHPFLV ALHTARSKRF YCAGTLINQE
     WVLTAARCDR KNIRIILGVH SKNVPNEDEQ MRVPKEKFFC LSSKTYTRWD KDIMLIRLKR
     PVNDSTHIAP LSLPSSPPSV GSVCRIMGWG TITTTKVTYP DVPHCADINM FDYSVCQKVY
     RKLPEKSRTL CAGILQGGID SCKVDNGGPL ICNGQIQGIV SWGGYPCAQP HKPALYTNVF
     DYTDWIQSII AGNITATCPP
 
 
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