CART_DROME
ID CART_DROME Reviewed; 674 AA.
AC Q9VIK2; Q961U9;
DT 11-MAY-2016, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 162.
DE RecName: Full=Carcinine transporter {ECO:0000303|PubMed:26653853, ECO:0000303|PubMed:26713872};
GN Name=CarT {ECO:0000303|PubMed:26653853, ECO:0000303|PubMed:26713872};
GN ORFNames=CG9317 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0032879};
OS Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7227 {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803};
RN [1] {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Berkeley {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803};
RX PubMed=10731132; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2185;
RA Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D.,
RA Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F.,
RA George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N.,
RA Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D., Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C.,
RA Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C.,
RA Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A.,
RA An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A.,
RA Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V.,
RA Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J.,
RA Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E.,
RA Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B.,
RA Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I.,
RA Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C.,
RA Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S.,
RA Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M.,
RA Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M.,
RA Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D.,
RA Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F.,
RA Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D.,
RA Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A.,
RA Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C.,
RA McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C.,
RA Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L.,
RA Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R.,
RA Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V.,
RA Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F.,
RA Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J.,
RA Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R.,
RA Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y.,
RA Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T.,
RA Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S.,
RA Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W.,
RA Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M.,
RA Venter J.C.;
RT "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL Science 287:2185-2195(2000).
RN [2] {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803}
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=Berkeley {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803};
RX PubMed=12537572; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083;
RA Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S.,
RA Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E.,
RA Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P.,
RA Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J., Drysdale R.A.,
RA Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M.,
RA Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.;
RT "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic
RT review.";
RL Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002).
RN [3] {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAK77279.1}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 28-674.
RC STRAIN=Berkeley {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAK77279.1};
RC TISSUE=Head {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAK77279.1};
RX PubMed=12537569; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0080;
RA Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M., George R.A.,
RA Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Rubin G.M.,
RA Celniker S.E.;
RT "A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource.";
RL Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002).
RN [4] {ECO:0000305}
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=26653853; DOI=10.7554/elife.10972;
RA Stenesen D., Moehlman A.T., Kraemer H.;
RT "The carcinine transporter CarT is required in Drosophila photoreceptor
RT neurons to sustain histamine recycling.";
RL Elife 4:0-0(2015).
RN [5] {ECO:0000305}
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=26713872; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005764;
RA Xu Y., An F., Borycz J.A., Borycz J., Meinertzhagen I.A., Wang T.;
RT "Histamine recycling is mediated by CarT, a carcinine transporter in
RT Drosophila photoreceptors.";
RL PLoS Genet. 11:E1005764-E1005764(2015).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Carcinine transporter which is required for recycling of the
CC neurotransmitter histamine in photoreceptor neurons of the compound
CC eye. Following histamine release from photoreceptors and its uptake by
CC glia where it is converted to carcinine, required for the uptake of
CC carcinine from glia into photoreceptor cells where it can be hydrolyzed
CC by tan to form histamine and beta-alanine.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26653853, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26713872}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000305}; Multi-pass membrane
CC protein {ECO:0000255}. Cell projection, axon
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26653853, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26713872}.
CC Note=Expressed predominantly in photoreceptor axon termini.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26653853, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26713872}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in photoreceptor cells.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26653853, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26713872}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Defective photoreceptor synaptic transmission,
CC significantly reduced phototaxis and decreased levels of histamine in
CC photoreceptor terminals. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26653853,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26713872}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator (TC 2.A.1) superfamily.
CC Organic cation transporter (TC 2.A.1.19) family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=AAK77279.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; AE014134; AAF53916.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AE014134; AAN11086.2; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY047547; AAK77279.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_610052.1; NM_136208.4.
DR RefSeq; NP_724282.2; NM_165340.3.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9VIK2; -.
DR SMR; Q9VIK2; -.
DR IntAct; Q9VIK2; 1.
DR STRING; 7227.FBpp0080925; -.
DR GlyGen; Q9VIK2; 3 sites.
DR PaxDb; Q9VIK2; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9VIK2; -.
DR DNASU; 35334; -.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0081395; FBpp0080925; FBgn0032879.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0335150; FBpp0307149; FBgn0032879.
DR GeneID; 35334; -.
DR KEGG; dme:Dmel_CG9317; -.
DR UCSC; CG9317-RA; d. melanogaster.
DR UCSC; CG9317-RB; d. melanogaster.
DR CTD; 35334; -.
DR FlyBase; FBgn0032879; CarT.
DR VEuPathDB; VectorBase:FBgn0032879; -.
DR eggNOG; KOG0255; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_001265_33_4_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9VIK2; -.
DR OMA; GPNYRSF; -.
DR OrthoDB; 396963at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9VIK2; -.
DR Reactome; R-DME-112311; Neurotransmitter clearance.
DR Reactome; R-DME-181430; Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle.
DR Reactome; R-DME-197264; Nicotinamide salvaging.
DR Reactome; R-DME-200425; Carnitine metabolism.
DR Reactome; R-DME-2161517; Abacavir transmembrane transport.
DR Reactome; R-DME-442660; Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporters.
DR Reactome; R-DME-549127; Organic cation transport.
DR Reactome; R-DME-561048; Organic anion transport.
DR Reactome; R-DME-9749641; Aspirin ADME.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 35334; 0 hits in 1 CRISPR screen.
DR GenomeRNAi; 35334; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9VIK2; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000803; Chromosome 2L.
DR Bgee; FBgn0032879; Expressed in insect adult head and 6 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9VIK2; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q961U9; DM.
DR GO; GO:0043679; C:axon terminus; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:1905131; F:carcinine transmembrane transporter activity; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0005326; F:neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:1905130; P:carcinine import across plasma membrane; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0050908; P:detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception; IMP:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0001504; P:neurotransmitter uptake; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0046956; P:positive phototaxis; IMP:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0007601; P:visual perception; IMP:FlyBase.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.1250.20; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR020846; MFS_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR005828; MFS_sugar_transport-like.
DR InterPro; IPR036259; MFS_trans_sf.
DR Pfam; PF00083; Sugar_tr; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF103473; SSF103473; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50850; MFS; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Cell membrane; Cell projection; Glycoprotein; Membrane; Reference proteome;
KW Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Transport.
FT CHAIN 1..674
FT /note="Carcinine transporter"
FT /id="PRO_0000436159"
FT TOPO_DOM 1..53
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 54..74
FT /note="Helical; Name=1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 75..178
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 179..199
FT /note="Helical; Name=2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 200..206
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 207..227
FT /note="Helical; Name=3"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 228..236
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 237..257
FT /note="Helical; Name=4"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 258..264
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 265..285
FT /note="Helical; Name=5"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 286..293
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 294..314
FT /note="Helical; Name=6"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 315..385
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 386..406
FT /note="Helical; Name=7"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 407..414
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 415..435
FT /note="Helical; Name=8"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 436..441
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 442..462
FT /note="Helical; Name=9"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 463..469
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 470..490
FT /note="Helical; Name=10"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 491..500
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 501..521
FT /note="Helical; Name=11"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 522..527
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT TRANSMEM 528..548
FT /note="Helical; Name=12"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 549..674
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT REGION 614..647
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 614..628
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT CARBOHYD 122
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00498"
FT CARBOHYD 141
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00498"
FT CARBOHYD 156
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00498"
FT CONFLICT 28
FT /note="P -> Q (in Ref. 3; AAK77279)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 30..31
FT /note="VD -> GS (in Ref. 3; AAK77279)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 674 AA; 76193 MW; 533934417096F7A2 CRC64;
MSDIEDNDGD EYDELSELRQ RHKPESQPSV DEAFDLDDLL PTIGEFGKYQ KLLVFGICLP
ACIPCGFCAF NQLFMADTPD DYWCRIPELL DLPLEQRKSL SIPKELDNDE LVYSKCYTYG
VNWTQLLESG EEDDLTTMEP NASWPLIKCP QGWEYNTSVV WSSIVIDFDL VCDQDIYPTI
GLAALNTGGP VGVYLFGLLN DRGGRRLSYF VCLATLLAGS LMTSLSKDFW TWAGSRVIVG
LTIPAVYQIP FIISLELVGE NYRSFVTVMT CTFYTSGIML LSGVTYLERD WVRLSYITSL
PFYAYFLYMF VMPESPRWLL MRGRLEEALK ILERMAKVNG REFPEAVHLK LEAQIRRDKL
KKQKKKMANV GLADLCRTPN MRLKTILITL SWFANETVYL GLSYYGPALG TNQYVSFFLS
AVVELPSYLC CWYFMDTWGR RWPLSLSMIL GGVACVITVM LPDDAVDETL VLYLVSKALL
SASFLIIYPF AGELYPTQVR GIGIGASSYI GGLGLIGIPF ITYLGKDNLK LPLVIMGFLS
MLGGMTGLRL PETLHHRLPQ TIEEGEEFGK NWQFKDCCRC AQKPEILSQP ASYENLDVLA
GSSTNASEVE LELRDSRRVR EPAPRIDERT PLDTTASGSG RPVHRPSMKR LVRQMSVMDT
QRTHDGTMQL THWI
