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ZDS_ARATH
ID   ZDS_ARATH               Reviewed;         558 AA.
AC   Q38893; A0A1I9LPJ6; Q8LD88; Q93YN2; Q9CAV3; Q9LLY1;
DT   02-NOV-2001, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   29-MAY-2007, sequence version 3.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 154.
DE   RecName: Full=Zeta-carotene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic {ECO:0000305};
DE            EC=1.3.5.6 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9914519};
DE   AltName: Full=9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturase {ECO:0000305};
DE   AltName: Full=Carotene 7,8-desaturase {ECO:0000305};
DE   AltName: Full=Protein CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS 5 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24907342};
DE   AltName: Full=Protein PIGMENT DEFECTIVE 181 {ECO:0000305};
DE   AltName: Full=Protein SPONTANEOUS CELL DEATH 1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:17468780};
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=ZDS1 {ECO:0000305};
GN   Synonyms=CLB5 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24907342}, PDE181 {ECO:0000305},
GN   SPC1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:17468780}, ZDS {ECO:0000303|Ref.1};
GN   OrderedLocusNames=At3g04870 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT3G04870};
GN   ORFNames=T9J14.18 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAG51402.1};
OS   Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC   rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RA   Scolnik P.A., Bartley G.E.;
RT   "Nucleotide sequence of zeta-carotene desaturase from Arabidopsis.";
RL   (er) Plant Gene Register PGR95-111(1995).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Giuliano G., Rosati C., Santangelo G.;
RT   "Gene structure and regulation of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in
RT   Arabidopsis.";
RL   Submitted (JAN-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=11130713; DOI=10.1038/35048706;
RA   Salanoubat M., Lemcke K., Rieger M., Ansorge W., Unseld M., Fartmann B.,
RA   Valle G., Bloecker H., Perez-Alonso M., Obermaier B., Delseny M.,
RA   Boutry M., Grivell L.A., Mache R., Puigdomenech P., De Simone V.,
RA   Choisne N., Artiguenave F., Robert C., Brottier P., Wincker P.,
RA   Cattolico L., Weissenbach J., Saurin W., Quetier F., Schaefer M.,
RA   Mueller-Auer S., Gabel C., Fuchs M., Benes V., Wurmbach E., Drzonek H.,
RA   Erfle H., Jordan N., Bangert S., Wiedelmann R., Kranz H., Voss H.,
RA   Holland R., Brandt P., Nyakatura G., Vezzi A., D'Angelo M., Pallavicini A.,
RA   Toppo S., Simionati B., Conrad A., Hornischer K., Kauer G., Loehnert T.-H.,
RA   Nordsiek G., Reichelt J., Scharfe M., Schoen O., Bargues M., Terol J.,
RA   Climent J., Navarro P., Collado C., Perez-Perez A., Ottenwaelder B.,
RA   Duchemin D., Cooke R., Laudie M., Berger-Llauro C., Purnelle B., Masuy D.,
RA   de Haan M., Maarse A.C., Alcaraz J.-P., Cottet A., Casacuberta E.,
RA   Monfort A., Argiriou A., Flores M., Liguori R., Vitale D., Mannhaupt G.,
RA   Haase D., Schoof H., Rudd S., Zaccaria P., Mewes H.-W., Mayer K.F.X.,
RA   Kaul S., Town C.D., Koo H.L., Tallon L.J., Jenkins J., Rooney T., Rizzo M.,
RA   Walts A., Utterback T., Fujii C.Y., Shea T.P., Creasy T.H., Haas B.,
RA   Maiti R., Wu D., Peterson J., Van Aken S., Pai G., Militscher J.,
RA   Sellers P., Gill J.E., Feldblyum T.V., Preuss D., Lin X., Nierman W.C.,
RA   Salzberg S.L., White O., Venter J.C., Fraser C.M., Kaneko T., Nakamura Y.,
RA   Sato S., Kato T., Asamizu E., Sasamoto S., Kimura T., Idesawa K.,
RA   Kawashima K., Kishida Y., Kiyokawa C., Kohara M., Matsumoto M., Matsuno A.,
RA   Muraki A., Nakayama S., Nakazaki N., Shinpo S., Takeuchi C., Wada T.,
RA   Watanabe A., Yamada M., Yasuda M., Tabata S.;
RT   "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Nature 408:820-822(2000).
RN   [4]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA   Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA   Town C.D.;
RT   "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT   genome.";
RL   Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA   Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA   Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA   Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA   Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA   Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA   Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA   Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA   Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA   Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA   Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA   Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA   Ecker J.R.;
RT   "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT   genome.";
RL   Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA   Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B.,
RA   Feldmann K.A.;
RT   "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [7]
RP   FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
RX   PubMed=9914519; DOI=10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00051.x;
RA   Bartley G.E., Scolnik P.A., Beyer P.;
RT   "Two Arabidopsis thaliana carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase and
RT   zeta-carotene desaturase, expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyze a poly-
RT   cis pathway to yield pro-lycopene.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 259:396-403(1999).
RN   [8]
RP   FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX   PubMed=17468780; DOI=10.1038/cr.2007.37;
RA   Dong H., Deng Y., Mu J., Lu Q., Wang Y., Xu Y., Chu C., Chong K., Lu C.,
RA   Zuo J.;
RT   "The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a zeta-carotene
RT   desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in
RT   chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling.";
RL   Cell Res. 17:458-470(2007).
RN   [9]
RP   FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX   PubMed=24907342; DOI=10.1105/tpc.114.123349;
RA   Avendano-Vazquez A.O., Cordoba E., Llamas E., San Roman C., Nisar N.,
RA   De la Torre S., Ramos-Vega M., Gutierrez-Nava M.D., Cazzonelli C.I.,
RA   Pogson B.J., Leon P.;
RT   "An uncharacterized apocarotenoid-derived signal generated in zeta-carotene
RT   desaturase mutants regulates leaf development and the expression of
RT   chloroplast and nuclear genes in Arabidopsis.";
RL   Plant Cell 26:2524-2537(2014).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Is
CC       essential for the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Carotenoids are involved
CC       in different physiological processes, including coloration,
CC       photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast
CC       biogenesis (PubMed:17468780, PubMed:24907342). Catalyzes the conversion
CC       of zeta-carotene to lycopene via the intermediary of neurosporene. It
CC       carries out two consecutive desaturations (introduction of double
CC       bonds) at positions C-7 and C-7'. Shows stereoselectivity toward trans
CC       C15-C15'zeta-carotene double bond. The zeta-carotene produced by the
CC       phytoene desaturase PDS has a C15-C15' double bond in the cis
CC       configuration and it requires isomerization before being recognized as
CC       substrate by ZDS. The main product is 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene
CC       (pro-lycopene) (PubMed:9914519). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17468780,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:24907342, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9914519}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 a quinone = 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-
CC         lycopene + 2 a quinol; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:30955, ChEBI:CHEBI:24646,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:48716, ChEBI:CHEBI:62466, ChEBI:CHEBI:132124; EC=1.3.5.6;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9914519};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=decylplastoquinone; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:72953;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC       Name=6-decylubiquinone; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:52020; Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC       Note=Lipophilic quinones such as decyl-plastoquinone or decyl-
CC       ubiquinone. {ECO:0000250};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Carotenoid biosynthesis; lycopene biosynthesis. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. Plastid, chromoplast
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in leaves. Expressed at low levels
CC       in flowers and siliques. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17468780}.
CC   -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Albino seedling due to defect in pigmentation,
CC       growth arrest shortly after germination, altered leaf development, and
CC       seedling lethality. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17468780,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:24907342}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zeta carotene desaturase family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; U38550; AAA91161.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF121947; AAF85796.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AC009465; AAG51402.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002686; AEE74148.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002686; AEE74149.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002686; ANM64503.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002686; ANM64504.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AY059920; AAL24402.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY072096; AAL59918.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY096583; AAM20233.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY086144; AAM63349.1; -; mRNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001319473.1; NM_001337544.1.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001319474.1; NM_001337545.1.
DR   RefSeq; NP_187138.1; NM_111359.4.
DR   RefSeq; NP_974222.1; NM_202493.3.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q38893; -.
DR   SMR; Q38893; -.
DR   BioGRID; 4982; 1.
DR   STRING; 3702.AT3G04870.2; -.
DR   PaxDb; Q38893; -.
DR   PRIDE; Q38893; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 242927; -.
DR   DNASU; 819647; -.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT3G04870.1; AT3G04870.1; AT3G04870.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT3G04870.2; AT3G04870.2; AT3G04870.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT3G04870.3; AT3G04870.3; AT3G04870.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT3G04870.4; AT3G04870.4; AT3G04870.
DR   GeneID; 819647; -.
DR   Gramene; AT3G04870.1; AT3G04870.1; AT3G04870.
DR   Gramene; AT3G04870.2; AT3G04870.2; AT3G04870.
DR   Gramene; AT3G04870.3; AT3G04870.3; AT3G04870.
DR   Gramene; AT3G04870.4; AT3G04870.4; AT3G04870.
DR   KEGG; ath:AT3G04870; -.
DR   Araport; AT3G04870; -.
DR   TAIR; locus:2114789; AT3G04870.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0029; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_022687_1_1_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q38893; -.
DR   OMA; MLTIFMM; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1151887at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q38893; -.
DR   BioCyc; ARA:AT3G04870-MON; -.
DR   BioCyc; MetaCyc:AT3G04870-MON; -.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00803; -.
DR   PRO; PR:Q38893; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 3.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; Q38893; baseline and differential.
DR   Genevisible; Q38893; AT.
DR   GO; GO:0009507; C:chloroplast; HDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009941; C:chloroplast envelope; HDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009509; C:chromoplast; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0052887; F:7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene:quinone oxidoreductase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC.
DR   GO; GO:0052886; F:9,9'-dicis-carotene:quinone oxidoreductase activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0016719; F:carotene 7,8-desaturase activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0016491; F:oxidoreductase activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0052889; P:9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturation to 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0016120; P:carotene biosynthetic process; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0016117; P:carotenoid biosynthetic process; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:1901177; P:lycopene biosynthetic process; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   Gene3D; 3.50.50.60; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR002937; Amino_oxidase.
DR   InterPro; IPR036188; FAD/NAD-bd_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR014103; Zeta_caro_desat.
DR   Pfam; PF01593; Amino_oxidase; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF51905; SSF51905; 1.
DR   TIGRFAMs; TIGR02732; zeta_caro_desat; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Carotenoid biosynthesis; Chloroplast; Chromoplast; Oxidoreductase; Plastid;
KW   Reference proteome; Transit peptide.
FT   TRANSIT         1..27
FT                   /note="Chloroplast and chromoplast"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CHAIN           28..558
FT                   /note="Zeta-carotene desaturase,
FT                   chloroplastic/chromoplastic"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000041605"
FT   CONFLICT        9
FT                   /note="A -> P (in Ref. 1; AAA91161)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        12
FT                   /note="S -> F (in Ref. 6; AAM63349)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        93
FT                   /note="G -> A (in Ref. 1; AAA91161)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        172
FT                   /note="N -> S (in Ref. 1; AAA91161)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        370
FT                   /note="V -> G (in Ref. 1; AAA91161 and 2; AAF85796)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        463
FT                   /note="S -> P (in Ref. 1; AAA91161)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        470
FT                   /note="W -> C (in Ref. 1; AAA91161 and 2; AAF85796)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   558 AA;  61634 MW;  120E0B0614FE0CB7 CRC64;
     MASSVVFAAT GSLSVPPLKS RRFYVNSSLD SDVSDMSVNA PKGLFPPEPV PYKGPKLKVA
     IIGAGLAGMS TAVELLDQGH EVDIYDSRTF IGGKVGSFVD RRGNHIEMGL HVFFGCYNNL
     FRLMKKVGAE KNLLVKDHTH TFINKDGTIG ELDFRFPVGA PIHGIRAFLV TNQLKPYDKL
     RNSLALALSP VVKALVDPDG AMRDIRNLDS ISFSDWFLSK GGTRASIQRM WDPVAYALGF
     IDCDNMSARC MLTIFSLFAT KTEASLLRML KGSPDVYLSG PIKQYITDRG GRIHLRWGCR
     EILYDKSADG ETYVTGLAIS KATNKKIVKA DVYVAACDVP GIKRLLPKEW RESRFFNDIY
     ELEGVPVVTV QLRYNGWVTE LQDIELARQL KRAVGLDNLL YTPDADFSCF ADLALASPAD
     YYIEGQGTLL QCVLTPGDPY MRMPNDKIIE KVAMQVTELF PSSRGLEVTW SSVVKIAQSL
     YREAPGKDPF RPDQKTPIKN FFLAGSYTKQ DYIDSMEGAT LSGRQASSYI CDAGEELAEL
     NKKLSSSATA VPDELSLV
 
 
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