CHX23_ARATH
ID CHX23_ARATH Reviewed; 867 AA.
AC Q8VYD4; Q2V4Q6; Q58P62; Q9SYJ9;
DT 15-JUN-2010, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAR-2002, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 108.
DE RecName: Full=Cation/H(+) antiporter 23, chloroplastic;
DE AltName: Full=Protein CATION/H+ EXCHANGER 23;
DE Short=AtCHX23;
GN Name=CHX23; OrderedLocusNames=At1g05580; ORFNames=F3F20.2;
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=11130712; DOI=10.1038/35048500;
RA Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O.,
RA Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E.,
RA Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K., Conn L.,
RA Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P.,
RA Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D.,
RA Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J.,
RA Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L.,
RA Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A.,
RA Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A.,
RA Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M.,
RA Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M.,
RA Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P.,
RA Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D.,
RA Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D.,
RA Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 408:816-820(2000).
RN [2]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 1-859 (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, GENE
RP FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RC TISSUE=Pollen;
RX PubMed=15347787; DOI=10.1104/pp.104.046003;
RA Sze H., Padmanaban S., Cellier F., Honys D., Cheng N.-H., Bock K.W.,
RA Conejero G., Li X., Twell D., Ward J.M., Hirschi K.D.;
RT "Expression patterns of a novel AtCHX gene family highlight potential roles
RT in osmotic adjustment and K+ homeostasis in pollen development.";
RL Plant Physiol. 136:2532-2547(2004).
RN [5]
RP GENE FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RX PubMed=11500563; DOI=10.1104/pp.126.4.1646;
RA Maeser P., Thomine S., Schroeder J.I., Ward J.M., Hirschi K., Sze H.,
RA Talke I.N., Amtmann A., Maathuis F.J.M., Sanders D., Harper J.F.,
RA Tchieu J., Gribskov M., Persans M.W., Salt D.E., Kim S.A., Guerinot M.L.;
RT "Phylogenetic relationships within cation transporter families of
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 126:1646-1667(2001).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE,
RP AND MUTAGENESIS OF PRO-761.
RX PubMed=15220473; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0403709101;
RA Song C.P., Guo Y., Qiu Q., Lambert G., Galbraith D.W., Jagendorf A.,
RA Zhu J.K.;
RT "A probable Na+(K+)/H+ exchanger on the chloroplast envelope functions in
RT pH homeostasis and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:10211-10216(2004).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND DISRUPTION
RP PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=21239645; DOI=10.1105/tpc.110.080499;
RA Lu Y., Chanroj S., Zulkifli L., Johnson M.A., Uozumi N., Cheung A., Sze H.;
RT "Pollen tubes lacking a pair of K+ transporters fail to target ovules in
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Cell 23:81-93(2011).
RN [8]
RP RETRACTED PAPER.
RX PubMed=21976771; DOI=10.1093/jxb/err271;
RA Evans A.R., Hall D., Pritchard J., Newbury H.J.;
RT "The roles of the cation transporters CHX21 and CHX23 in the development of
RT Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL J. Exp. Bot. 63:59-67(2012).
RN [9]
RP RETRACTION NOTICE OF PUBMED:21976771.
RX PubMed=33428752; DOI=10.1093/jxb/eraa530;
RA Evans A.R., Hall D., Pritchard J., Newbury H.J.;
RL J. Exp. Bot. 72:775-775(2021).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Operates as a K(+)/H(+) antiporter or Na(+)/H(+) antiporter
CC of the chloroplast envelope that functions in pH homeostasis and
CC chloroplast development. Monovalent cation transporter with a
CC preference for Cs(+), K(+) and Rb(+) relative to Na(+) or Li(+).
CC Required for pollen tube guidance, but not for normal pollen
CC development. May also be involved in the development or function of the
CC female gametophyte. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15220473,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21239645}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass
CC membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane
CC protein. Note=PubMed:15220473 shows a localization in chloroplasts
CC while PubMed:21239645 shows a localization in ER.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=Q8VYD4-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2;
CC IsoId=Q8VYD4-2; Sequence=VSP_039315;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Specifically expressed in flower buds and pollen.
CC Expressed in leaves, roots and stems (PubMed:15220473).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15220473, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15347787,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21239645}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Mutants with impaired chloroplast development
CC that display aberrant chloroplast structure (PubMed:15220473). No
CC defect in male fertility, due to redundancy with CHX21. Chx21 and chx23
CC double mutants are male sterile (PubMed:21239645).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15220473, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21239645}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 2 (CPA2)
CC transporter (TC 2.A.37) family. CHX (TC 2.A.37.4) subfamily.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- CAUTION: The article by Evans et al was retracted by the editors due to
CC concerns over image manipulation, which raised sufficient doubts
CC regarding the credibility of the study. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:33428752}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=AAD30610.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; AY072159; AAL59981.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY096415; AAM20055.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AC007153; AAD30610.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002684; AEE27859.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002684; AEE27860.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY926477; AAX49549.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; G86189; G86189.
DR RefSeq; NP_001030975.1; NM_001035898.1. [Q8VYD4-2]
DR RefSeq; NP_172049.2; NM_100438.5. [Q8VYD4-1]
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q8VYD4; -.
DR SMR; Q8VYD4; -.
DR BioGRID; 22305; 1.
DR IntAct; Q8VYD4; 1.
DR STRING; 3702.AT1G05580.1; -.
DR TCDB; 2.A.37.4.5; the monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2 (cpa2) family.
DR PaxDb; Q8VYD4; -.
DR PRIDE; Q8VYD4; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 246920; -. [Q8VYD4-1]
DR EnsemblPlants; AT1G05580.1; AT1G05580.1; AT1G05580. [Q8VYD4-1]
DR EnsemblPlants; AT1G05580.2; AT1G05580.2; AT1G05580. [Q8VYD4-2]
DR GeneID; 837063; -.
DR Gramene; AT1G05580.1; AT1G05580.1; AT1G05580. [Q8VYD4-1]
DR Gramene; AT1G05580.2; AT1G05580.2; AT1G05580. [Q8VYD4-2]
DR KEGG; ath:AT1G05580; -.
DR Araport; AT1G05580; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2031968; AT1G05580.
DR eggNOG; KOG1650; Eukaryota.
DR InParanoid; Q8VYD4; -.
DR OMA; LIFFMFM; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q8VYD4; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q8VYD4; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 1.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q8VYD4; baseline and differential.
DR GO; GO:0031969; C:chloroplast membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0012505; C:endomembrane system; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005783; C:endoplasmic reticulum; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0005789; C:endoplasmic reticulum membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005451; F:monovalent cation:proton antiporter activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0010183; P:pollen tube guidance; IGI:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0071805; P:potassium ion transmembrane transport; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0006885; P:regulation of pH; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0006814; P:sodium ion transport; IEA:InterPro.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.1530.20; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR006153; Cation/H_exchanger.
DR InterPro; IPR030153; CHX21/CHX23.
DR InterPro; IPR038770; Na+/solute_symporter_sf.
DR PANTHER; PTHR32468:SF123; PTHR32468:SF123; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00999; Na_H_Exchanger; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Alternative splicing; Antiport; Chloroplast; Endoplasmic reticulum;
KW Ion transport; Membrane; Plastid; Potassium; Potassium transport;
KW Reference proteome; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Transport.
FT CHAIN 1..867
FT /note="Cation/H(+) antiporter 23, chloroplastic"
FT /id="PRO_0000394992"
FT TRANSMEM 43..63
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 75..95
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 112..132
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 146..166
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 175..195
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 212..232
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 242..262
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 283..303
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 336..356
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 362..382
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 393..413
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 427..447
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT REGION 848..867
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT VAR_SEQ 1..111
FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT /id="VSP_039315"
FT MUTAGEN 761
FT /note="P->K: Disturbs overall chloroplast structure."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15220473"
SQ SEQUENCE 867 AA; 95867 MW; 77202CD71B45304D CRC64;
MSSGAPLNVT NPNYDIEESR FGKIVCYDQS LLFEKREQKG WESGSTLASS LPFFITQLFV
ANLSYRVLYY LTRPLYLPPF VAQILCGLLF SPSVLGNTRF IIAHVFPYRF TMVLETFANL
ALVYNIFLLG LGMDLRMVRI TELKPVIIAF TGLLVALPVG AFLYYLPGNG HPDKIISGCV
FWSVALACTN FPDLARILAD LKLLRSDMGR TAMCAAIVTD LCTWVLLVFG FASFSKSGTW
NKMMPFVIIT TAIFVLLCIF VIRPGIAWIF AKTVKAGHVG DTHVWFILGG VVLCGLITDA
CGVHSITGAF LFGLSIPHDH IIRNMIEEKL HDFLSGILMP LFYIICGLRA DIGFMLQFTD
KFMMVVVICS SFLVKIVTTV ITSLFMHIPM RDAFAIGALM NTKGTLSLVV LNAGRDTKAL
DSPMYTHMTI ALLVMSLVVE PLLAFAYKPK KKLAHYKHRT VQKIKGETEL RVLACVHVLP
NVSGITNLLQ VSNATKQSPL SVFAIHLVEL TGRTTASLLI MNDECKPKAN FSDRVRAESD
QIAETFEAME VNNDAMTVQT ITAVSPYATM HEDICVLAED KRVCFIILPY HKHLTPDGRM
GEGNSSHAEI NQNVLSHAPC SVGILVDRGM AMVRSESFRG ESMKREVAML FVGGPDDREA
LSYAWRMVGQ HVIKLTVVRF VPGREALISS GKVAAEYERE KQVDDECIYE FNFKTMNDSS
VKYIEKVVND GQDTIATIRE MEDNNSYDLY VVGRGYNSDS PVTAGLNDWS SSPELGTIGD
TLASSNFTMH ASVLVIQQYS ATKRQAAVTA AAATTVMGAV AGVTGNNLES AGGDAKMTRD
AHEPFMKSMY EDEDEDDEED HQYGIHR
