CLUS_MESAU
ID CLUS_MESAU Reviewed; 191 AA.
AC P14683;
DT 01-APR-1990, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-APR-1990, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 91.
DE RecName: Full=Clusterin;
DE AltName: Full=Sulfated glycoprotein 2 {ECO:0000303|Ref.1};
DE Short=SGP-2;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Clusterin beta chain;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Clusterin alpha chain;
DE Flags: Fragment;
GN Name=CLU {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909};
OS Mesocricetus auratus (Golden hamster).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea;
OC Cricetidae; Cricetinae; Mesocricetus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=10036;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 1-23 AND 124-191.
RA Duguid J.R., Bohmont C., Liu N., Tourtellotte W.W.;
RL Submitted (AUG-1989) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 24-123.
RX PubMed=2780570; DOI=10.1073/pnas.86.18.7260;
RA Duguid J.R., Bohmont C.W., Liu N.G., Tourtellotte W.W.;
RT "Changes in brain gene expression shared by scrapie and Alzheimer
RT disease.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:7260-7264(1989).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents
CC aggregation of non native proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation
CC of blood plasma proteins. Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP,
CC APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in
CC vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in
CC a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such
CC as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell
CC surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client
CC complex and subsequent lysosomal or proteasomal degradation. When
CC secreted, protects cells against apoptosis and against cytolysis by
CC complement. Intracellular forms interact with ubiquitin and SCF (SKP1-
CC CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes and promote
CC the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target
CC proteins. Promotes proteasomal degradation of COMMD1 and IKBKB.
CC Modulates NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity (By similarity).
CC Following stress, promotes apoptosis (By similarity). Inhibits
CC apoptosis when associated with the mitochondrial membrane by
CC interference with BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c into the
CC cytoplasm. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation. An
CC intracellular form suppresses stress-induced apoptosis by stabilizing
CC mitochondrial membrane integrity through interaction with HSPA5.
CC Secreted form does not affect caspase or BAX-mediated intrinsic
CC apoptosis and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B-activity (By similarity). Secreted
CC form act as an important modulator during neuronal differentiation
CC through interaction with STMN3 (By similarity). Plays a role in the
CC clearance of immune complexes that arise during cell injury (By
CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05371,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q06890}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Antiparallel disulfide-linked heterodimer of an alpha chain
CC and a beta chain. Self-associates and forms higher oligomers. Interacts
CC with a broad range of misfolded proteins, including APP, APOC2 and LYZ.
CC Slightly acidic pH promotes interaction with misfolded proteins. Forms
CC high-molecular weight oligomers upon interaction with misfolded
CC proteins. Interacts with APOA1, LRP2, CLUAP1 and PON1. Interacts with
CC the complement complex. Interacts (via alpha chain) with XRCC6.
CC Interacts with SYVN1, COMMD1, BTRC, CUL1 and with ubiquitin and SCF
CC (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes.
CC Interacts (via alpha chain) with BAX in stressed cells, where BAX
CC undergoes a conformation change leading to association with the
CC mitochondrial membrane. Does not interact with BAX in unstressed cells.
CC Found in a complex with LTF, CLU, EPPIN and SEMG1. Interacts
CC (immaturely glycosylated pre-secreted form) with HSPA5; this
CC interaction promotes CLU stability and facilitates stress-induced CLU
CC retrotranslocation from the secretory pathway to the mitochondria,
CC thereby reducing stress-induced apoptosis by stabilizing mitochondrial
CC membrane integrity. Interacts with BCL2L1; this interaction releases
CC and activates BAX and promotes cell death. Interacts with TGFBR2 and
CC ACVR1 (By similarity). Interacts (secreted form) with STMN3; this
CC interaction may act as an important modulator during neuronal
CC differentiation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05371,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Nucleus
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Cytoplasm
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Mitochondrion membrane
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}; Peripheral membrane protein
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}; Cytoplasmic side
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Cytoplasm, cytosol
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Microsome
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Endoplasmic reticulum
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Mitochondrion
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Mitochondrion membrane
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05371}. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle,
CC chromaffin granule {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9XSC5}. Note=Can
CC retrotranslocate from the secretory compartments to the cytosol upon
CC cellular stress. Detected in perinuclear foci that may be aggresomes
CC containing misfolded, ubiquitinated proteins. Detected at the
CC mitochondrion membrane upon induction of apoptosis. Under ER stress, a
CC immaturely glycosylated pre-secreted form retrotranslocates from the
CC endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi network to the cytoplasm to localize
CC in the mitochondria through HSPA5 interaction. ER stress reduces
CC secretion. Under the stress, minor amounts of non-secreted forms
CC accumulate in cytoplasm. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}.
CC -!- PTM: Proteolytically cleaved on its way through the secretory system,
CC probably within the Golgi lumen. Proteolytic cleavage is not necessary
CC for its chaperone activity. All non-secreted forms are not
CC proteolytically cleaved. Chaperone activity of uncleaved forms is
CC dependent on a non-reducing envoronment.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}.
CC -!- PTM: Polyubiquitinated, leading to proteasomal degradation. Under
CC cellular stress, the intracellular level of cleaved form is reduced due
CC to proteasomal degradation. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}.
CC -!- PTM: Heavily N-glycosylated. About 30% of the protein mass is comprised
CC of complex N-linked carbohydrate. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
CC induces changes in glycosylation status and increases level of
CC hypoglycosylated forms. Core carbohydrates are essential for chaperone
CC activity. Non-secreted forms are hypoglycosylated or unglycosylated.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the clusterin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; M26640; AAA37102.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; I48174; I48174.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P14683; -.
DR STRING; 10036.XP_005075306.1; -.
DR PRIDE; P14683; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502RBQP; Eukaryota.
DR Proteomes; UP000189706; Unplaced.
DR GO; GO:0042583; C:chromaffin granule; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0043231; C:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005743; C:mitochondrial inner membrane; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0099020; C:perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum lumen; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0051082; F:unfolded protein binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0002434; P:immune complex clearance; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:1905907; P:negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043065; P:positive regulation of apoptotic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0048260; P:positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0050821; P:protein stabilization; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0042127; P:regulation of cell population proliferation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR InterPro; IPR016016; Clusterin.
DR InterPro; IPR000753; Clusterin-like.
DR InterPro; IPR016015; Clusterin_C.
DR InterPro; IPR033986; Clusterin_CS.
DR PANTHER; PTHR10970; PTHR10970; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR10970:SF1; PTHR10970:SF1; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01093; Clusterin; 1.
DR SMART; SM00035; CLa; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00493; CLUSTERIN_2; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Chaperone; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic vesicle; Developmental protein;
KW Differentiation; Disulfide bond; Endoplasmic reticulum; Glycoprotein;
KW Membrane; Microsome; Mitochondrion; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein;
KW Reference proteome; Secreted; Spermatogenesis; Ubl conjugation.
FT CHAIN <1..>191
FT /note="Clusterin"
FT /id="PRO_0000005532"
FT CHAIN <1..15
FT /note="Clusterin beta chain"
FT /id="PRO_0000005533"
FT CHAIN 16..>191
FT /note="Clusterin alpha chain"
FT /id="PRO_0000005534"
FT MOD_RES 184
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10909"
FT CARBOHYD 79
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CARBOHYD 116
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CARBOHYD 142
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 162
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT NON_TER 1
FT NON_TER 191
SQ SEQUENCE 191 AA; 22099 MW; 20A9E7E66963C619 CRC64;
NRRPHFLYPK SRLIRSLLPP PHYGPLSFHD MFQPFLEMIH QAQQAMDVQF HSPAFQFPDM
DLLREGEDDR AVCKEIRHNS TGCLKMKGQC EKCQEILSVD CSANNPAQAH LRQELNDSLQ
VAERLTQRYN ELLHSLQTKM LNTSSLLEQL NEQFNWVSQL ANLTQGEDQY YLRVSTVTTH
SSDSEVPSRV T
