CRTN_STAAE
ID CRTN_STAAE Reviewed; 502 AA.
AC O07855; A6QK51; Q53723;
DT 23-JAN-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 05-FEB-2008, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 122.
DE RecName: Full=4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diaponeurosporene-forming) {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10498735};
DE EC=1.3.8.- {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8002598};
DE AltName: Full=Dehydrosqualene desaturase {ECO:0000305};
GN Name=crtN {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8002598}; OrderedLocusNames=NWMN_2461;
OS Staphylococcus aureus (strain Newman).
OC Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacilli; Bacillales; Staphylococcaceae;
OC Staphylococcus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=426430;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
RX PubMed=8002598; DOI=10.1128/jb.176.24.7719-7726.1994;
RA Wieland B., Feil C., Gloria-Maercker E., Thumm G., Lechner M., Bravo J.-M.,
RA Poralla K., Goetz F.;
RT "Genetic and biochemical analyses of the biosynthesis of the yellow
RT carotenoid 4,4'-diaponeurosporene of Staphylococcus aureus.";
RL J. Bacteriol. 176:7719-7726(1994).
RN [2]
RP SEQUENCE REVISION TO C-TERMINUS.
RA Wieland B.;
RL Submitted (JUN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Newman;
RX PubMed=17951380; DOI=10.1128/jb.01000-07;
RA Baba T., Bae T., Schneewind O., Takeuchi F., Hiramatsu K.;
RT "Genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman and comparative
RT analysis of staphylococcal genomes: polymorphism and evolution of two major
RT pathogenicity islands.";
RL J. Bacteriol. 190:300-310(2008).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND SUBUNIT.
RX PubMed=10498735; DOI=10.1128/jb.181.19.6184-6187.1999;
RA Raisig A., Sandmann G.;
RT "4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase: catalytic properties of an enzyme from the
RT C(30) carotenoid pathway of Staphylococcus aureus.";
RL J. Bacteriol. 181:6184-6187(1999).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, ACTIVITY REGULATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL
RP PROPERTIES, AND SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=11566453; DOI=10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00154-8;
RA Raisig A., Sandmann G.;
RT "Functional properties of diapophytoene and related desaturases of C(30)
RT and C(40) carotenoid biosynthetic pathways.";
RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1533:164-170(2001).
RN [6]
RP PATHWAY.
RX PubMed=16020541; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m505070200;
RA Pelz A., Wieland K.-P., Putzbach K., Hentschel P., Albert K., Goetz F.;
RT "Structure and biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin from Staphylococcus
RT aureus.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 280:32493-32498(2005).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the yellow-orange carotenoid
CC staphyloxanthin, which plays a role in the virulence via its protective
CC function against oxidative stress. Catalyzes three successive
CC dehydrogenation reactions that lead to the introduction of three double
CC bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-
CC diapophytofluene and 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene as intermediates, and
CC 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (the major deep-yellow pigment in staphylococci
CC strains) as the end product. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8002598}.
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 3 FAD + 3 H(+) = all-trans-4,4'-
CC diaponeurosporene + 3 FADH2; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:42800, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57692, ChEBI:CHEBI:58307, ChEBI:CHEBI:62738,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:62743; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8002598};
CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Is inhibited by diphenylamine.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453}.
CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC Kinetic parameters:
CC KM=49 uM for 4,4'-diapophytoene {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453};
CC KM=10 uM for 4,4'-diapophytofluene {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453};
CC KM=245 uM for 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453};
CC KM=39 uM for FAD {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453};
CC KM=40 uM for zeta-carotene {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453};
CC Note=KM is greater than 1 mM for phytoene.;
CC pH dependence:
CC Optimum pH is 6.5. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453};
CC -!- PATHWAY: Carotenoid biosynthesis; staphyloxanthin biosynthesis;
CC staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate: step 2/5.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16020541}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homooligomer. The monomeric form seems also to be active.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10498735}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Reacts with dehydrosqualene and not with squalene as
CC substrate, however it can utilize zeta-carotene and phytoene to a
CC certain extent. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11566453}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.
CC CrtN subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; X73889; CAA52098.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AP009351; BAF68733.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; WP_000686168.1; NZ_CP023390.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; O07855; -.
DR SMR; O07855; -.
DR BindingDB; O07855; -.
DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL3813586; -.
DR EnsemblBacteria; BAF68733; BAF68733; NWMN_2461.
DR KEGG; sae:NWMN_2461; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_019722_2_1_9; -.
DR OMA; INYPKGG; -.
DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:MON-13875; -.
DR BRENDA; 1.3.8.2; 3352.
DR SABIO-RK; O07855; -.
DR UniPathway; UPA00029; UER00557.
DR Proteomes; UP000006386; Chromosome.
DR GO; GO:0016491; F:oxidoreductase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0016117; P:carotenoid biosynthetic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR Gene3D; 3.50.50.60; -; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR002937; Amino_oxidase.
DR InterPro; IPR014105; Carotenoid/retinoid_OxRdtase.
DR InterPro; IPR036188; FAD/NAD-bd_sf.
DR Pfam; PF01593; Amino_oxidase; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF51905; SSF51905; 1.
DR TIGRFAMs; TIGR02734; crtI_fam; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Carotenoid biosynthesis; FAD; Flavoprotein; Oxidoreductase; Virulence.
FT CHAIN 1..502
FT /note="4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-
FT diaponeurosporene-forming)"
FT /id="PRO_0000272189"
FT BINDING 5..17
FT /ligand="FAD"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CONFLICT 479..480
FT /note="GV -> AL (in Ref. 1; CAA52098)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 501..502
FT /note="GV -> AYKGVV (in Ref. 1; CAA52098)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 502 AA; 56742 MW; 96952B497B394203 CRC64;
MKIAVIGAGV TGLAAAARIA SQGHEVTIFE KNNNVGGRMN QLKKDGFTFD MGPTIVMMPD
VYKDVFTACG KNYEDYIELR QLRYIYDVYF DHDDRITVPT DLAELQQMLE SIEPGSTHGF
MSFLTDVYKK YEIARRYFLE RTYRKPSDFY NMTSLVQGAK LKTLNHADQL IEHYIDNEKI
QKLLAFQTLY IGIDPKRGPS LYSIIPMIEM MFGVHFIKGG MYGMAQGLAQ LNKDLGVNIE
LNAEIEQIII DPKFKRADAI KVNGDIRKFD KILCTADFPS VAESLMPDFA PIKKYPPHKI
ADLDYSCSAF LMYIGIDIDV TDQVRLHNVI FSDDFRGNIE EIFEGRLSYD PSIYVYVPAV
ADKSLAPEGK TGIYVLMPTP ELKTGSGIDW SDEALTQQIK EIIYRKLATI EVFEDIKSHI
VSETIFTPND FEQTYHAKFG SAFGLMPTLA QSNYYRPQNV SRDYKDLYFA GASTHPGAGV
PIVLTSAKIT VDEMIKDIER GV
