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CSK21_RABIT
ID   CSK21_RABIT             Reviewed;         391 AA.
AC   P33674;
DT   01-FEB-1994, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-FEB-1994, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 144.
DE   RecName: Full=Casein kinase II subunit alpha;
DE            Short=CK II alpha;
DE            EC=2.7.11.1 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400};
GN   Name=CSNK2A1;
OS   Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Lagomorpha; Leporidae; Oryctolagus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9986;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX   PubMed=8444352; DOI=10.1016/0378-1119(93)90407-t;
RA   Gupta S.K., Singh J.P.;
RT   "PCR cloning and sequence of two cDNAs encoding the alpha and beta subunits
RT   of rabbit casein kinase-II.";
RL   Gene 124:287-290(1993).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=New Zealand white;
RA   Gupta S.K., Rothfuss K.J., Singh J.P.;
RL   Submitted (MAR-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active
CC       serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large
CC       number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the
CC       phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular
CC       processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription,
CC       as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which
CC       integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate
CC       cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the
CC       p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains
CC       cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage.
CC       Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-
CC       392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate
CC       apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the
CC       apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage
CC       and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and
CC       activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation
CC       of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates
CC       numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1,
CC       IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, ATF4, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates
CC       Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for
CC       chaperone function. Mediates sequential phosphorylation of FNIP1,
CC       promoting its gradual interaction with Hsp90, leading to activate both
CC       kinase and non-kinase client proteins of Hsp90. Regulates Wnt signaling
CC       by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an
CC       ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During
CC       viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral
CC       life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV. Phosphorylates PML
CC       at 'Ser-565' and primes it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation (By
CC       similarity). Plays an important role in the circadian clock function by
CC       phosphorylating ARNTL/BMAL1 at 'Ser-90' which is pivotal for its
CC       interaction with CLOCK and which controls CLOCK nuclear entry (By
CC       similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19139,
CC       ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=ATP + L-seryl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-
CC         [protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:17989, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9863, Rhea:RHEA-
CC         COMP:11604, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29999, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:83421, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.11.1;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400};
CC       PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:17990;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400};
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=ATP + L-threonyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-
CC         threonyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46608, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11060,
CC         Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11605, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30013,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:61977, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216;
CC         EC=2.7.11.1; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400};
CC   -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Constitutively active protein kinase whose
CC       activity is not directly affected by phosphorylation. Seems to be
CC       regulated by level of expression and localization (By similarity).
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Heterotetramer composed of two catalytic subunits (alpha chain
CC       and/or alpha' chain) and two regulatory subunits (beta chains). The
CC       tetramer can exist as a combination of 2 alpha/2 beta, 2 alpha'/2 beta
CC       or 1 alpha/1 alpha'/2 beta subunits. Also part of a CK2-SPT16-SSRP1
CC       complex composed of SSRP1, SUPT16H, CSNK2A1, CSNK2A2 and CSNK2B, which
CC       forms following UV irradiation. Interacts with RNPS1, SNAI1, PML and
CC       CCAR2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400}.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylated at Thr-344, Thr-360, Ser-362 and Ser-370 by CDK1 in
CC       prophase and metaphase and dephosphorylated during anaphase.
CC       Phosphorylation does not directly affect casein kinase 2 activity, but
CC       may contribute to its regulation by forming binding sites for
CC       interacting proteins and/or targeting it to different compartments (By
CC       similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Can use both ATP and GTP as phosphoryl donors.
CC       Phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 has been estimated to represent up
CC       to one quarter of the eukaryotic phosphoproteome.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein
CC       kinase family. CK2 subfamily. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159}.
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DR   EMBL; S56527; AAB25554.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; M98451; AAA91891.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; JN0555; JN0555.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001153756.1; NM_001160284.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P33674; -.
DR   SMR; P33674; -.
DR   STRING; 9986.ENSOCUP00000019122; -.
DR   iPTMnet; P33674; -.
DR   GeneID; 100301533; -.
DR   KEGG; ocu:100301533; -.
DR   CTD; 1457; -.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0668; Eukaryota.
DR   InParanoid; P33674; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1098380at2759; -.
DR   BRENDA; 2.7.11.1; 1749.
DR   Proteomes; UP000001811; Unplaced.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005524; F:ATP binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0106310; F:protein serine kinase activity; IEA:RHEA.
DR   GO; GO:0004674; F:protein serine/threonine kinase activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0006915; P:apoptotic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0007049; P:cell cycle; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0043154; P:negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0018105; P:peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0030307; P:positive regulation of cell growth; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0008284; P:positive regulation of cell population proliferation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0045732; P:positive regulation of protein catabolic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0030177; P:positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0006468; P:protein phosphorylation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:1905818; P:regulation of chromosome separation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0048511; P:rhythmic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0016055; P:Wnt signaling pathway; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   CDD; cd14132; STKc_CK2_alpha; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR045216; CK2_alpha.
DR   InterPro; IPR011009; Kinase-like_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR000719; Prot_kinase_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR017441; Protein_kinase_ATP_BS.
DR   InterPro; IPR008271; Ser/Thr_kinase_AS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR24054; PTHR24054; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00069; Pkinase; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00220; S_TKc; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF56112; SSF56112; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00107; PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50011; PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00108; PROTEIN_KINASE_ST; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   Apoptosis; ATP-binding; Biological rhythms; Cell cycle; Kinase;
KW   Nucleotide-binding; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome;
KW   Serine/threonine-protein kinase; Transcription; Transcription regulation;
KW   Transferase; Wnt signaling pathway.
FT   CHAIN           1..391
FT                   /note="Casein kinase II subunit alpha"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000085885"
FT   DOMAIN          39..324
FT                   /note="Protein kinase"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159"
FT   REGION          36..41
FT                   /note="Interaction with beta subunit"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   ACT_SITE        156
FT                   /note="Proton acceptor"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159,
FT                   ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10027"
FT   BINDING         45..53
FT                   /ligand="ATP"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159"
FT   BINDING         68
FT                   /ligand="ATP"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159"
FT   MOD_RES         344
FT                   /note="Phosphothreonine; by CDK1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400"
FT   MOD_RES         360
FT                   /note="Phosphothreonine; by CDK1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400"
FT   MOD_RES         362
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine; by CDK1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400"
FT   MOD_RES         370
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine; by CDK1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68400"
SQ   SEQUENCE   391 AA;  45116 MW;  5212943C906905D4 CRC64;
     MSGPVPSRVR VYTDVNTHRP REYWDYESHV VEWGNQDDYQ LVRKLGRGKY SEVFEAINIT
     NNEKVVVKIL KPVKKKKIKR EIKILENLRG GPNIITLADI VKDPASRTPA LAFEHVNNTD
     FKQLYQTLTD YDIRFYMYEI LKALDYCHSM GIMHRDVKPH NVMIDHEHRK LRLIDWGLAE
     FYHPGQEYNV RVASRYFKGP ELLVDYQMYD YSLDMWSLGC MLASMIFRKE PFFHGHDNYD
     QLVRIAKVLG TEDLYDYIDK YNIELDPRFN DILGRHSRKR WERFVHSENQ HLVSPEALDF
     LDKLLRYDHQ SRLTAREAME HPYFYTVVKD QARMGSSSMP GGSTPVSSAN MMSGISSVPT
     PSPLGPLAGS PVIAAANPLG MPVPAAAGAQ Q
 
 
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