ID   CYAH_ALBVE              Reviewed;         244 AA.
AC   P22143;
DT   01-AUG-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-AUG-1991, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 77.
DE   RecName: Full=Cyanamide hydratase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:2034671};
DE            EC=4.2.1.69 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16173468, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18182434, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671};
DE   AltName: Full=Urea hydro-lyase {ECO:0000305};
GN   Name=CAH {ECO:0000303|PubMed:2034671};
OS   Albifimbria verrucaria (Myrothecium leaf spot and pod blight fungus)
OS   (Myrothecium verrucaria).
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Sordariomycetes;
OC   Hypocreomycetidae; Hypocreales; Stachybotryaceae; Albifimbria.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=1859699;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, SUBUNIT,
RP   CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COFACTOR, ACTIVITY
RP   REGULATION, AND FUNCTION.
RC   STRAIN=ATCC 9095 / DSM 2087 / CBS 328.52 / NBRC 6113 / NRRL 2003;
RX   PubMed=2034671; DOI=10.1073/pnas.88.10.4260;
RA   Maier-Greiner U.M., Obermaier-Skrobranek B.M.M., Estermaier L.M.,
RA   Kammerloher W., Freund C., Wuelfing C., Burkert U.I., Matern D.H.,
RA   Breuer M., Eulitz M., Kuefrevioglu O.I., Hartmann G.R.;
RT   "Isolation and properties of a nitrile hydratase from the soil fungus
RT   Myrothecium verrucaria that is highly specific for the fertilizer cyanamide
RT   and cloning of its gene.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:4260-4264(1991).
RN   [2]
RP   FUNCTION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   DOI=10.1002/anie.199113141;
RA   Maier-Greiner U.H., Klaus C.B.A., Estermaier L.M., Hartman G.R.;
RT   "Herbicide resistance in transgenic plants through degradation of the
RT   phytotoxin to urea.";
RL   Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 30:1314-1315(1991).
RN   [3]
RP   FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=16173468; DOI=10.1016/j.jplph.2004.11.013;
RA   Zhang X.H., Zhong W.Q., Widholm J.M.;
RT   "Expression of a fungal cyanamide hydratase in transgenic soybean
RT   detoxifies cyanamide in tissue culture and in planta to provide cyanamide
RT   resistance.";
RL   J. Plant Physiol. 162:1064-1073(2005).
RN   [4]
RP   FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=18182434; DOI=10.1093/jxb/erm320;
RA   Ulanov A., Widholm J.M.;
RT   "Effect of the expression of cyanamide hydratase on metabolites in
RT   cyanamide-treated soybean plants kept in the light or dark.";
RL   J. Exp. Bot. 58:4319-4332(2007).
RN   [5]
RP   BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=17899261; DOI=10.1007/s00284-007-9036-1;
RA   Kirubakaran S.I., Sakthivel N.;
RT   "Site-directed mutagenesis, heterologous expression of cyanamide hydratase
RT   gene and antimicrobial activity of cyanamide.";
RL   Curr. Microbiol. 56:42-47(2008).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Cyanamide hydratase involved in the detoxification and/or
CC       utilization of cyanamide, a toxic nitrile compound distributed widely
CC       in the environment. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16173468,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:18182434, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671,
CC       ECO:0000269|Ref.2}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=urea = cyanamide + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23056,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:16199, ChEBI:CHEBI:16698; EC=4.2.1.69;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:16173468, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18182434,
CC         ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671};
CC   -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Compounds that react with thiol groups, such as
CC       Ag+, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and iodoacetamide show a strong
CC       inhibitory effect on cyanamide hydratase activity. The enzymatic
CC       activity is also sensitive to chelating agents such as EDTA or o-
CC       phenanthroline, as well as to reagents containing structural elements
CC       of cyanamide, such as urea, dicyandiamide, azide, hydroxylamine,
CC       thiocyanate, or cyanate. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671}.
CC   -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC       Kinetic parameters:
CC         KM=27 mM for cyanamide {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671};
CC       pH dependence:
CC         Optimum pH is 7.7. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671};
CC       Temperature dependence:
CC         Optimum temperature is 55 degrees Celsius.
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671};
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homohexamer. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671}.
CC   -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Transgenic plants expressing CAH acquire resistance to
CC       toxic cyanamide (PubMed:16173468). Moreover, due to its innate ability
CC       to convert cyanamide to urea and the broad-spectrum antimicrobial
CC       activity of cyanamide, the CAH gene can be used to facilitate plant
CC       growth promotion and biocontrol of phytopathogens (Ref.2,
CC       PubMed:18182434, PubMed:17899261). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16173468,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:17899261, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18182434,
CC       ECO:0000269|Ref.2}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: This enzyme is highly specific for cyanamide.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2034671}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyanamide dehydrase family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; M59078; AAA33429.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; A39365; A39365.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P22143; -.
DR   SMR; P22143; -.
DR   SABIO-RK; P22143; -.
DR   GO; GO:0018820; F:cyanamide hydratase activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0018890; P:cyanamide metabolic process; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   CDD; cd00077; HDc; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR017771; Cyanamide_hydratase_HD.
DR   InterPro; IPR003607; HD/PDEase_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR006674; HD_domain.
DR   Pfam; PF01966; HD; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00471; HDc; 1.
DR   TIGRFAMs; TIGR03401; cyanamide_fam; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51831; HD; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Direct protein sequencing; Lyase; Zinc.
FT   CHAIN           1..244
FT                   /note="Cyanamide hydratase"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000079747"
FT   DOMAIN          63..174
FT                   /note="HD"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01175"
SQ   SEQUENCE   244 AA;  26966 MW;  880FA11F30E31CE2 CRC64;
     MSSSEVKANG WTAVPVSAKA IVDSLGKLGD VSSYSVEDIA FPAADKLVAE AQAFVKARLS
     PETYNHSMRV FYWGTVIARR LLPEQAKDLS PSTWALTCLL HDVGTAEAYF TSTRMSFDIY
     GGIKAMEVLK VLGSSTDQAE AVAEAIIRHE DVGVDGNITF LGQLIQLATL YDNVGAYDGI
     DDFGSWVDDT TRNSINTAFP RHGWCSWFAC TVRKEESNKP WCHTTHIPQF DKQMEANTLM
     KPWE