ACTP3_ACTEQ
ID ACTP3_ACTEQ Reviewed; 20 AA.
AC P0C1H2;
DT 27-JUN-2006, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 27-JUN-2006, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 42.
DE RecName: Full=Equinatoxin-3 {ECO:0000305};
DE AltName: Full=DELTA-actitoxin {ECO:0000305};
DE AltName: Full=Equinatoxin III {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10414864};
DE Short=EqT III {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10414864};
DE Short=EqT-III;
DE Short=EqTIII {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10414864};
DE Flags: Fragment;
OS Actinia equina (Beadlet anemone).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia; Actiniaria;
OC Actiniidae; Actinia.
OX NCBI_TaxID=6106;
RN [1]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
RX PubMed=10414864; DOI=10.1016/s0041-0101(99)00082-3;
RA Anderluh G., Krizaj I., Strukelj B., Gubensek F., Macek P., Pungercar J.;
RT "Equinatoxins, pore-forming proteins from the sea anemone Actinia equina,
RT belong to a multigene family.";
RL Toxicon 37:1391-1401(1999).
RN [2]
RP AMINO-ACID COMPOSITION, AND TOXIC DOSE.
RX PubMed=2903587; DOI=10.1016/0041-0101(88)90183-3;
RA Macek P., Lebez D.;
RT "Isolation and characterization of three lethal and hemolytic toxins from
RT the sea anemone Actinia equina L.";
RL Toxicon 26:441-451(1988).
RN [3]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=19268680; DOI=10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.026;
RA Kristan K.C., Viero G., Dalla Serra M., Macek P., Anderluh G.;
RT "Molecular mechanism of pore formation by actinoporins.";
RL Toxicon 54:1125-1134(2009).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic
CC pores of around 1 nm and causes cardiac stimulation and hemolysis. Pore
CC formation is a multi-step process that involves specific recognition of
CC membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor
CC phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent
CC phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly
CC driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the
CC N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore
CC formation after oligomerization of monomers. Cytolytic effects include
CC red blood cells hemolysis, platelet aggregation and lysis, cytotoxic
CC and cytostatic effects on fibroblasts. Lethality in mammals has been
CC ascribed to severe vasospasm of coronary vessels, cardiac arrhythmia,
CC and inotropic effects. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Tetramer in the presence of a lipidic interface. Monomer, in
CC soluble state. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000305}. Nematocyst {ECO:0000305}.
CC Target cell membrane {ECO:0000250}. Note=Forms an alpha-helical
CC membrane channel in the prey. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The N-terminal region, before the pore is formed, is bound to
CC the lipid membrane. It partitions into the lipid-water interface and
CC stabilizes the monomeric molecule on the membrane. Finally, it
CC traverses the bilayer, thus forming the transmembrane pore.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61914}.
CC -!- TOXIC DOSE: LD(50) is 83 ug/kg by intravenous injection into mice.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2903587}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actinoporin family. Sea anemone subfamily.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR AlphaFoldDB; P0C1H2; -.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0042151; C:nematocyst; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0044179; P:hemolysis in another organism; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0006811; P:ion transport; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Cytolysis; Direct protein sequencing; Hemolysis; Ion transport; Membrane;
KW Nematocyst; Secreted; Target cell membrane; Target membrane; Toxin;
KW Transmembrane; Transport.
FT PEPTIDE 1..>20
FT /note="Equinatoxin-3"
FT /id="PRO_0000244625"
FT REGION 3..12
FT /note="Plays an important role in the hemolytic activity"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P07845"
FT REGION 11..>20
FT /note="N-terminal region"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61914"
FT NON_TER 20
SQ SEQUENCE 20 AA; 1943 MW; BB32B990183CF5E6 CRC64;
SVAVAGAIIK GAALTFNVLQ