ID   DCEA_ECOL6              Reviewed;         466 AA.
AC   P69909; P80063;
DT   04-JAN-2005, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   04-JAN-2005, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 89.
DE   RecName: Full=Glutamate decarboxylase alpha;
DE            Short=GAD-alpha;
DE            EC=4.1.1.15;
GN   Name=gadA; Synonyms=gadS; OrderedLocusNames=c4328;
OS   Escherichia coli O6:H1 (strain CFT073 / ATCC 700928 / UPEC).
OC   Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales;
OC   Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=199310;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=CFT073 / ATCC 700928 / UPEC;
RX   PubMed=12471157; DOI=10.1073/pnas.252529799;
RA   Welch R.A., Burland V., Plunkett G. III, Redford P., Roesch P., Rasko D.,
RA   Buckles E.L., Liou S.-R., Boutin A., Hackett J., Stroud D., Mayhew G.F.,
RA   Rose D.J., Zhou S., Schwartz D.C., Perna N.T., Mobley H.L.T.,
RA   Donnenberg M.S., Blattner F.R.;
RT   "Extensive mosaic structure revealed by the complete genome sequence of
RT   uropathogenic Escherichia coli.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:17020-17024(2002).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming
CC       one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to
CC       maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to
CC       extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the
CC       acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful
CC       colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria
CC       (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=H(+) + L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2;
CC         Xref=Rhea:RHEA:17785, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:16526,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:59888; EC=4.1.1.15;
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:597326;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homohexamer. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: By acidic conditions. Expression is regulated by a complex
CC       system involving RpoS, cAMP, CRP, EvgAS, H-NS, GadE, GadW and GadX. The
CC       level of involvement for each regulator varies depending upon the
CC       growth phase and the medium (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC       Sequence=AAN82764.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR   EMBL; AE014075; AAN82764.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA.
DR   RefSeq; WP_000372240.1; NC_004431.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P69909; -.
DR   SMR; P69909; -.
DR   STRING; 199310.c4328; -.
DR   PRIDE; P69909; -.
DR   EnsemblBacteria; AAN82764; AAN82764; c4328.
DR   GeneID; 66672598; -.
DR   KEGG; ecc:c4328; -.
DR   eggNOG; COG0076; Bacteria.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_019582_2_1_6; -.
DR   OMA; IIWRDES; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000001410; Chromosome.
DR   GO; GO:0004351; F:glutamate decarboxylase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC.
DR   GO; GO:0030170; F:pyridoxal phosphate binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0006536; P:glutamate metabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR   Gene3D; 3.40.640.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR010107; Glutamate_decarboxylase.
DR   InterPro; IPR002129; PyrdxlP-dep_de-COase.
DR   InterPro; IPR015424; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase.
DR   InterPro; IPR015421; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major.
DR   InterPro; IPR021115; Pyridoxal-P_BS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR43321; PTHR43321; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00282; Pyridoxal_deC; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF53383; SSF53383; 1.
DR   TIGRFAMs; TIGR01788; Glu-decarb-GAD; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00392; DDC_GAD_HDC_YDC; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Decarboxylase; Lyase; Pyridoxal phosphate.
FT   CHAIN           1..466
FT                   /note="Glutamate decarboxylase alpha"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000146979"
FT   BINDING         62
FT                   /ligand="substrate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         83
FT                   /ligand="substrate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         126..127
FT                   /ligand="pyridoxal 5'-phosphate"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:597326"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         212
FT                   /ligand="pyridoxal 5'-phosphate"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:597326"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         275
FT                   /ligand="pyridoxal 5'-phosphate"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:597326"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOD_RES         276
FT                   /note="N6-(pyridoxal phosphate)lysine"
SQ   SEQUENCE   466 AA;  52685 MW;  86F963E710553E22 CRC64;
     MDQKLLTDFR SELLDSRFGA KAISTIAESK RFPLHEMRDD VAFQIINDEL YLDGNARQNL
     ATFCQTWDDE NVHKLMDLSI NKNWIDKEEY PQSAAIDLRC VNMVADLWHA PAPKNGQAVG
     TNTIGSSEAC MLGGMAMKWR WRKRMEAAGK PTDKPNLVCG PVQICWHKFA RYWDVELREI
     PMRPGQLFMD PKRMIEACDE NTIGVVPTFG VTYTGNYEFP QPLHDALDKF QADTGIDIDM
     HIDAASGGFL APFVAPDIVW DFRLPRVKSI SASGHKFGLA PLGCGWVIWR DEEALPQELV
     FNVDYLGGQI GTFAINFSRP AGQVIAQYYE FLRLGREGYT KVQNASYQVA AYLADEIAKL
     GPYEFICTGR PDEGIPAVCF KLKDGEDPGY TLYDLSERLR LRGWQVPAFT LGGEATDIVV
     MRIMCRRGFE MDFAELLLED YKASLKYLSD HPKLQGIAQQ NSFKHT